/The deep tech ecosystem
//aerospace & defense tech

Aerospace & Defense Tech

This category is characterized by a number of dual-use innovations, where advances in materials, propulsion, and AI find applications from the battlefield to the far reaches of our solar system.

A futuristic spaceship interior with green lighting, featuring leather seats on both sides. The cockpit window shows a view of Earth in the distance, surrounded by space panels and controls.
A squadron of fighter jets flies in formation against a green-tinted sky. The main jet is in sharp focus, centrally placed, with three more jets trailing behind in the background. Fluffy clouds are visible below.
A satellite orbits above Earth against a backdrop of a green aurora and starry sky. The satellite's body is cylindrical and metallic. The curvature of Earth is faintly visible at the bottom of the image.
A futuristic command center with multiple glowing green screens, featuring radar displays and digital maps. The room is dimly lit, and various electronic devices and control panels are arranged around a central circular table.
A fleet of large drones is arranged on a grid-like surface, illuminated by a vibrant green light, creating a futuristic and high-tech atmosphere. The drones are evenly spaced, and the green light highlights their sleek design.
A vibrant green galaxy with a bright core and sweeping spiral arms set against a star-filled black space background. The surrounding stars twinkle, adding depth and mystery to the cosmic scene.
A drone with glowing green lights rests on a grassy field at sunset, with mountains silhouetted in the background. The atmosphere is serene and futuristic.
A futuristic, circular green building with large windows and a modern interior is situated on a rocky, moon-like surface.
//aerospace & Defense tech

Shifting our existential coordinates

From the depths of our oceans to the expanse of the cosmos, we're pushing the boundaries of human capability and exploration. Cutting-edge innovations in materials, propulsion, and AI are revolutionizing both defense systems and space technologies, intertwining the protection of our world with the conquest of new frontiers.

As we pioneer space manufacturing for food and pharmaceuticals, harness earth and space data for unprecedented insights, and fortify our critical communication infrastructure, we're engineering humanity's bold leap into a cosmic future.

Space Manufacturing
Cybersecurity
Satellites
Critical Infrastructure
Space Data
Intelligence
Space Travel
Reconnaissance
Space Tourism
Kinetic Operations
Launch Services
Biodefense
Space Debris
Surveillance
Space Ecosystem
Earth Data
/deep tech ecosystem
/category 005: aerospace & defense

Spacetech

Propagating the biosphere to extraterrestrial reaches.

A futuristic spaceship interior with green lighting, featuring leather seats on both sides. The cockpit window shows a view of Earth in the distance, surrounded by space panels and controls.
A vibrant green galaxy with a bright core and sweeping spiral arms set against a star-filled black space background. The surrounding stars twinkle, adding depth and mystery to the cosmic scene.
A futuristic, circular green building with large windows and a modern interior is situated on a rocky, moon-like surface.
A satellite orbits above Earth against a backdrop of a green aurora and starry sky. The satellite's body is cylindrical and metallic. The curvature of Earth is faintly visible at the bottom of the image.
Overview

Our unyielding desire to venture echoes through the vastness as we scale the terrestrial to the celestial, striving to safeguard our collective aspirations beyond the finite bounds of our planetary origin.

Subsectors

Space manufacturing takes advantage of the unique conditions of space to optimize manufacturing processes, create new materials, and enhance the sustainability of space endeavors, with innovations ranging from pharmaceutical production in microgravity facilities to the creation of lunar fibers for moon colony construction. 

The satellite and space data subsector is driving advancements in Earth observation, communication, and scientific research. A wide range of solutions are under development in this sector, from launching constellations of Earth imaging satellites to developing AI-powered analytics for space-based data, leading to informed decision-making and connectivity on a global scale. 

The space travel and tourism subsector is rapidly evolving, with reusable vehicles, innovative propulsion systems, and commercial launch services making space more accessible. 

Launch services involve sending spacecraft, satellites, or other payloads from Earth into space. Launch services are fundamental to our ability to access and utilize space, supporting a wide range of applications from telecommunications and global positioning systems to scientific exploration and national security. Innovations across launch services include lightweight reusable rockets, autonomous booking platforms, and other cost-effective solutions for sending payloads into orbit and beyond.  

Managing space debris is crucial for the sustainability of space activities, and solutions in this subvertical include space debris visualization, AI-powered monitoring, and commercial debris removal services. 

In general, the space ecosystem as a whole is expanding rapidly to include diverse solutions, from spacecraft operating systems and investment platforms for early-stage space companies to human-centered habitat design and microdata centers in orbit. These emerging technologies are fostering a more interconnected, sustainable, and democratized space environment, offering new opportunities for research, commerce, and exploration beyond Earth.

Solutions Being Built
Space Manufacturing

Pharmaceutical manufacturing in microgravity for higher purity due to better separation of components in weaker gravity

Microgravity laboratories for materials testing in which commercial experiments can be conducted, enabling research in materials science, biology, and other fields that benefit from microgravity conditions

In-situ construction using lunar regolith for 3D printing, using autonomous robotics to convert regolith into construction feedstock to create infrastructure on the moon, reducing the need for earth-sourced materials

Extraterrestrial agricultural models that incorporate natural resources and biogeochemical cycles to grow food on Mars and the Moon, including hydroponics and aeroponics

Fiber production from lunar regolith to support lunar construction and infrastructure development

Edible protein production from microbes, carbon dioxide, water, vitamins, and minerals in space to provide a food source for astronauts on long-duration missions

Space-based seed development using bioengineering and genomic seed technology to understand how plants adapt to different environments

Semiconductor and alloy manufacturing in microgravity in space factories to reduce the impact of both gravity and particulate matter on the quality of sensitive components

Satellites & Space Data

Space mission and satellite management tools that use AI for efficiently managing space missions and satellite fleets by optimizing mission parameters and monitoring satellite health

Satellite data imagery subscription services with an AI- and computer vision-enhanced platform for analyzing social, environmental, and climate risks

Space situational awareness and tracking tools that utilize AI, optical and radar technologies, and track objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), including modeling for space weather and space traffic

Hyperspectral earth imaging constellations enhanced with analytical tools to detect, monitor, and predict global phenomena, such as environmental changes and natural disasters

Geospatial information services (GEOINT) such as satellite imagery, communication satellites, and satellite antenna subsystems that are used for mapping, space situational awareness, and disaster monitoring

Greenhouse gas monitoring solutions that provide high-resolution remote sensing data on greenhouse gasses using sensors and imaging interferometry

Thermal data for environmental modeling to forecast crop yields, predict wildfires and droughts, and manage water resources using surface temperature data collected via satellite

In-space satellite servicing and logistics that leverage in-space robotics and modular technology for satellite servicing and operations

Satellite intelligence with AI and ML utilizing cloud computing to analyze satellite data and provide insights in areas such as clean energy, agriculture, conservation, and carbon finance

Space Travel & Tourism

Near-space exploration services via stratospheric balloon flights that can carry scientific instruments, military payloads, and commercial payloads, as well as gather image data from high altitudes

Modular, reusable orbital vehicles that can transport passengers and cargo to and from earth’s orbit

Pulsed power systems for deep space transport capable of superheating solid fuel to plasma, ideal for small spacecraft

Space logistics services including tugs capable of moving cargo to different orbits as well as last-mile space payload delivery

Closed-loop habitats and biospheres to potentially support human life on any planet via controlled environments that allow for food production, sustainable living, and other essential resources for long-duration space missions

3D printing for space housing to reduce the need to transport pre-built structures or even raw materials from Earth, allowing for in-situ construction in space

Launch Services

Small satellite launch services tailored to smallsat builders and operators, including mission-critical on-orbit mobility solutions that enable deployment and repositioning in space

Reusable horizontal takeoff and landing space planes that utilize AI for efficient take off and landing operations, offering reusable options for transporting payloads to space

End-to-end payload delivery services for small payloads, including payload integration, launch from Earth, Moon landing, and mission operations support

Reusable lightweight rockets for small satellites that offer cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions for small payload deployment into Earth’s orbit

Autonomous air and space transportation services that facilitate logistics and payload delivery to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by automating mission management and delivery processes

Eco-friendly launch vehicles that utilize hybrid propulsion or non-cryogenic propulsion to power rockets and transfer vehicles that provide mission services

Advanced electric propulsion systems for spacecraft such as small plasma engines

Space Debris

Space debris visualization and collision prediction tools that provide data and analytics for predicting possible collisions and planning satellite maneuvers to increase space situational awareness for satellite operators

Space debris classification and monitoring solutions that create classifiers for space junk and implement monitoring and cleaning systems for space debris, combining space situational awareness with AI-powered hardware and software

Commercial debris removal services that use computer vision, AI, and the IoT to identify and capture space debris and reduce the risk of collisions

Sensing and situational awareness tools for spacecraft that integrate sensing technology, processing algorithms, and responsive situational awareness systems that utilize in-space observation and digital twin technology

Commercial on-orbit mapping services for detecting sub-centimeter-sized objects using a network of sensors in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)

Cameras and ML-supported automated solutions for real-time space object mapping

Space Ecosystem

Rocket launch booking services that provide easy access to launch vehicles for satellite deployment and space missions

Spacecraft operating systems that incorporate complex engineering, testing, and operations solutions to ensure reliable space missions

LEO satellites for real-time connectivity in space, enabling communication among satellites, space stations, launch vehicles, and space habitats

Public investment platforms for space companies that allow the public to invest in early-stage space companies with low minimum investments

Space robotics solutions that perform tasks such as satellite construction and maintenance, lunar base construction, and space station maintenance

Robots for commercial space exploration that create infrastructure for data science, mission design, and payload delivery

Sustainable moon water extraction and storage solutions that allow for the extraction and purification of water on the Moon

Space habitats that are algorithmically optimized for compactness of construction, mental well-being of inhabitants, and situational and social sustainability for long-duration space missions

Low earth orbit (LEO) microdata centers for companies to access and analyze large amounts of data in space, enabling edge computing and data science applications

Mathematics

Differential Geometry, Numerical Analysis, Linear Algebra, Partial Differential Equations, Optimization Theory, Operations Research, Stochastic Processes, Graph Theory, Fourier Analysis, Topology, Algebraic Geometry.

Interdisciplinarity

Aerospace Engineering, Astrophysics and Astronomy; Robotics and Automation; Materials Science; Computer Science and AI; Telecommunication Engineering; Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing and GIS; Quantum Physics; Thermal Engineering; Photovoltaic Engineering; Biotechnology; Meteorology and Atmospheric Science; Electrical Engineering; Human Factors and Ergonomics; Cryogenics.

Careers

GIS Analysis; Sustainability Analysis; Quality, Analysis, & Testing; Systems Engineering; Software Engineering; Cybersecurity Engineering; Data Science; Data Analysis.

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/category 005: Aerospace & defense

Defense Tech

Integrating cyber and kinetic systems to safeguard multidomain security.

A futuristic command center with multiple glowing green screens, featuring radar displays and digital maps. The room is dimly lit, and various electronic devices and control panels are arranged around a central circular table.
A drone with glowing green lights rests on a grassy field at sunset, with mountains silhouetted in the background. The atmosphere is serene and futuristic.
A squadron of fighter jets flies in formation against a green-tinted sky. The main jet is in sharp focus, centrally placed, with three more jets trailing behind in the background. Fluffy clouds are visible below.
A fleet of large drones is arranged on a grid-like surface, illuminated by a vibrant green light, creating a futuristic and high-tech atmosphere. The drones are evenly spaced, and the green light highlights their sleek design.
Overview

Refining our protective measures to stay ahead of both digital and physical adversities in a battlefield marked by shifting dynamics, navigating an asymmetric terrain where the disparity between old-school warfare and modern, technology-driven confrontation deepens.

Subsectors

Cybersecurity in defense tech encompasses the strategies, technologies, and processes designed to protect military and national security systems from digital attacks. This includes safeguarding communication networks, data storage, and operational software from espionage, sabotage, or attacks that could compromise national security. Advances in encryption, intrusion detection systems, and artificial intelligence for threat analysis are pivotal. 

The critical infrastructure subsector focuses on the protection and resilience of physical and cyber systems essential to national security, economic stability, and public safety. This includes power grids, water supply, transportation networks, and communication networks. Defense technologies in this area aim to mitigate risks from both physical attacks and cyber threats, employing advanced monitoring, rapid response systems, and redundancy planning.

Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) is crucial for gathering, processing, and analyzing information to support decision-making in defense operations. This subsector employs a variety of technologies, including satellites, drones, electronic surveillance, and human intelligence sources to monitor potential threats, track enemy movements, and assess battlefields.

Kinetic operations refer to military actions involving the use of physical force to neutralize threats, achieve objectives, or inflict damage on adversaries. This includes conventional warfare tactics, missile strikes, artillery bombardment, and direct combat engagements. Defense technologies in this area encompass a wide range of systems, from advanced weaponry and armored vehicles to precision-guided munitions and strategic missile defense systems.

Biodefense involves the measures taken to protect populations against biological threats, whether natural, accidental, or deliberate. This subsector integrates medical research, surveillance, and response strategies to counter bioterrorism and mitigate the impact of infectious disease outbreaks. Technologies in biodefense include vaccines, diagnostic tools, protective equipment, and decontamination systems. The field relies heavily on advances in microbiology, genetics, and bioinformatics to develop countermeasures against a wide range of biological agents.

Solutions Being Built
Cybersecurity

Quantum-cryptography-based secure communication technologies that use the principles of quantum physics to secure communications with ultra-high entropy quantum keys, protecting data and IoT devices

AI-powered security platforms that leverage AI and ML to optimize cybersecurity processes, predict future threats, and proactively prevent cyberattacks by employing advanced analytics, anomaly detection, and behavioral analysis, and automating routine security tasks

Space-based quantum systems that use quantum physics to distribute symmetric encryption keys globally, enhancing the security of communication networks using satellites to create entangled photon pairs and transmit encryption keys securely

Classical and quantum-resilient security solutions that protect government and enterprise data from classical and quantum cyberattacks, as well as threats posed by AI, by employing a combination of encryption algorithms and advanced AI-driven threat detection

Cyber fusion solutions that unify threat intelligence, automation, threat response, and vulnerability management to detect and stop advanced cyberattacks by isolating compromised systems or blocking malicious traffic

Cloud workload and API security solutions that diagnose, monitor, and protect cloud workloads, applications, and APIs across distributed systems by automating security tasks, performing threat modeling, visualizing and managing risk, and mapping dependencies to remediate vulnerabilities and misconfigurations in cloud environments

Quantum random number generators and software that use quantum-generated random numbers to enhance encryption and make quantum hardware resilient

Critical Infrastructure

Automated geospatial solutions for infrastructure mapping that employ ground-based and aerial vehicles to create high-definition maps of critical infrastructure, transforming complex geospatial datasets into 2D and 3D maps using visual, spatial, inertial, GPS, and radar data along with ML and computer vision

GPS security platforms that protect GPS and navigation systems against jamming threats to ensure the availability and integrity of GPS signals, safeguarding drones, unmanned systems, vehicle fleets, and critical networks

Industrial cybersecurity platforms for IoT devices that provide real-time visibility, AI-powered data analysis, root-cause analysis, and guided remediation by analyzing data for anomalies, detecting potential threats, and facilitating rapid responses

Darknet monitoring services that collect and analyze data from the darknet, including encrypted chat platforms, hacker forums, FTP servers, and marketplaces, to identify leaked or compromised information, utilizing advanced web crawling to uncover data breaches, stolen credentials, and other security threats

Cloud security services that incorporate growing threat intelligence, which continually evolves and grows in accuracy over time, incorporating AI and ML to analyze cloud traffic and update threat intelligence based on emerging trends

Security risk management platforms with crisis response services that offer comprehensive security risk management solutions such as risk assessment, incident management, and crisis response planning tools

Intelligence, Surveillance, & Reconnaissance (ISR)

Narrative and risk intelligence platforms that are designed to counter disinformation from hostile foreign actors by detecting, measuring, and mitigating information-driven risks using AI to identify disinformation campaigns, assess their impact, and devise strategies to mitigate their impact

ML and AI products for intelligence analysis that assist intelligence officials in finding patterns in battlefield information, translating foreign languages using NLP, and searching for documents in public but difficult-to-access locations

Generative data solutions that allow ISR professionals to augment sparse datasets using generative models to create realistic data for training ML models, and automating the analysis of large, unstructured, and unlabeled datasets

Robotic systems for ISR in challenging environments such as dangerous or GPS-denied areas to collect critical data, equipped with advanced sensors and communication capabilities to improve situational awareness

Robotic intrusion detection systems that use drones equipped with AI-powered intrusion detection algorithms to patrol areas of interest and alert security personnel to the presence of human and/or unmanned intruders

Edge solutions for challenging environments that remotely manage edge devices, services, and data, and provide ML software and edge computing infrastructure for intelligence and military operations, facilitating rapid data processing and decision-making in the field

Open-source intelligence solutions that aggregate and analyze open-souce information to provide intelligence professionals with insights into risks related to data collected from the surface, deep, and darkweb using AI-powered risk detection and analysis across various data types, such as images, text, and video

AI-powered software for multi-source data analysis to better understand threat environments by integrating data collected from multiple data streams

Situational awareness platforms that use sensors such as radar, radio frequency detectors, and ML algorithms to monitor airspace for unauthorized drone activity, locating both drones and their pilots

Kinetic Operations

AI Platforms for strategic, operational, and tactical decisions that leverage AI for data analysis, predictive modeling, and real-time decision support by anticipating threats, facilitating response coordination, and enabling efficient decision-making in complex national security scenarios, and provide wargaming and pressure testing solutions

AI-powered fighter pilots and drones for defense operations that use ML algorithms to autonomously pilot military drones and manned aircraft as well as assist pilots and drone operators in navigation, target identification, and decision-making

Directed energy technologies that enable counter-electronics effects and power management solutions, providing non-kinetic methods of disabling or disrupting enemy systems, using laser and microwave technologies that can disable or destroy electronic components and infrastructure

Infrared countermeasures systems, electro-optics, and thermal optics technologies that provide defense against infrared-guided missiles and enhance the video and thermal imaging capabilities of military personnel and equipment

Situational awareness tools that integrate sensors to enhance awareness for warfighters on the front lines

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and tactical missile systems that leverage AI and advanced sensors for autonomous flight, target identification, and precision strikes

Flight simulators for pilot training that use analytics and AI to provide realistic training experiences for pilots, and help trainers coach pilots more effectively, analyzing pilot performance data to supply feedback and improve training outcomes

AI-powered autonomous transportation for troop resupply that can deliver resources to troops in various environments, reducing logistical burdens by using AI for autonomous navigation, obstacle avoidance, and route optimization

Communications, networking, and computing solutions for warfighters that provide secure communications and data sharing solutions to warfighters in airborne, maritime, and ground environments, offering robust networks with encryption and data management tools for mission-critical situations

Biodefense

Nucleic acid-based vaccines and therapeutics to combat existing and emerging infectious diseases, leveraging genetic information to design vaccines and therapies that target specific pathogens

Aerosol mass spectrometers for airborne hazard detection that can detect bacteria, spores, viruses, biotoxins, and other airborne hazards by incorporating robotic sample handling, tracking, and storage

Antimicrobial surfaces with permanent additives that can inhibit the spread of microbial growth on surfaces, reducing the risk of contamination and infection transmission

Antibodies for infectious diseases that can be used for passive immunization or as therapeutic agents against bioterrorism threats

Cell- and gene-based therapies for large molecule biologics that use genetic engineering to create therapeutic agents with specific antiviral or antibacterial properties

mRNA therapeutics platforms for rare and infectious diseases that help bioinformaticians discover, develop, and commercialize therapeutics

Laser screeners for rapid pathogen detection that employ laser-based technologies to identify the presence of specific pathogens, providing quick and accurate detection capabilities

Wastewater epidemiology for early infectious disease warning by analyzing sewage with molecular technology and ML to provide early warnings of infectious disease spread

Mathematics

Game Theory, Cryptography, Boolean Algebra, Signal Processing, Combinatorics, Queueing Theory, Control Theory, Information Theory, Discrete Mathematics, Statistical Risk Theory.

Interdisciplinarity

Computer Science, Cryptography, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, AI and ML, Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Telecommunications Engineering, Geospatial Intelligence, Robotics and Automation, Nuclear Engineering, Software Engineering, Physics, Data Science and Analytics.

Careers

Quality, Analysis, & Testing; Systems Engineering; Software Engineering; Cybersecurity Engineering.