Systems, Software, & Security
Build robust systems and processes that permit the seamless flow of data across networks. Design the algorithms and architecture that power the digital world, from mobile apps to cloud infrastructure.
Career Tracks in Systems, Software, & Security
Click on a track to learn more about its key functions, the types of problems you might work on if you choose that track, and the short- and long-term focuses of roles in that track.
// 001 // Data Engineering // 001 //
// 001 // Data Engineering // 001 //
Data Engineering
Design, build, and maintain the digital infrastructure that captures, stores, and processes massive volumes of data
- Build, optimize, and manage the infrastructure that helps companies unlock the full potential of their data.
- Design, streamline, and automate data pipelines and processes.
- Optimize and tune data systems for scalability.
- How can we ensure high availability and fault tolerance in our data processing systems to minimize downtime and prevent data loss?
- How can we automate the process of deploying machine learning models to production systems for real-time data processing?
- How can we optimize our cloud storage and processing infrastructure to minimize costs while still providing high-performance and scalable data services?
- How can we use data engineering best practices such as version control, code reviews, and automated testing to improve the quality and maintainability of our data pipelines and systems?
- How can we use data visualization and other analytical tools to gain insights into our data and improve business outcomes?
As a Data Engineer, you’ll dive headfirst into technical challenges and utilize advanced programming skills to structure and make sense of complex data. You’ll be responsible for moving massive volumes of data through various components in a company’s tech stack. You’ll establish processes for data capture and collection, and use ETL (extract, transform, and load) processes to move data into data warehouses, data lakes, and other data schemas where enterprise teams can access the data they need.
Your work as a Data Engineer will involve designing, building, and maintaining systems and infrastructure that enable an organization to collect, store, process, and analyze large volumes of data. You might work closely with data science teams to ensure that data is effectively managed to meet the modeling needs of those teams.
As a Data Engineer, you’ll design and build data pipelines to collect and process data from many sources, clean it, and transform it so that it can be utilized for business processes. You’ll use big data technologies like Hadoop, Spark, Kafka, AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud to accomplish your tasks. Your pipelines and processes must be scalable, so that you can collect increasing amounts of data.
You may also design and deploy data cleaning and data integrity processes. You may work closely with data science teams to deploy the models they build in a company’s production environment, and you’ll need to write robust code that will not break in production. You’ll often work on teams to perform code reviews, catch and fix bugs, and strategize about the best way to accomplish your tasks.
Data Engineer; Big Data Engineer; Engineer - Data & Analytics; Data Solutions Engineer; Machine Learning Engineer.
// 002 // Data Administration // 002 //
// 002 // Data Administration // 002 //
Data Architecture & Administration
Design, build, and maintain the data structures and systems that support an organization’s data needs
- Design robust and scalable data schemes to meet diverse business needs.
- Implement data governance policies and data quality measures.
- Create conceptual, logical, and physical data models.
- How can we optimize the data schema to enable faster queasy processing and improve application performance?
- How can we design a data lake that enables near-real-time analysis of streaming data while maintaining data quality?
- How can we use blockchain technology to provide immutable and auditable data storage solutions for sensitive data?
- How can we integrate the latest data storage technologies such as graph databases, time-series databases, and NoSQL databases into our data architecture to enable advanced analytics?
- How can we use cloud-native data storage services to reduce infrastructure costs and improve data processing scalability?
As a Data Architect or Database Administrator (DBA), you will be responsible for designing and building the structure for an organization’s data assets and/or then managing and monitoring them.
As a Data Architect, you’ll collect requirements for data usage from various internal and external stakeholders, and design appropriate schemas to meet those requirements. You’ll ensure that data is stored, organized, secure, accessible, and utilized to support business goals. You’ll also perform data modeling to create conceptual, logical, and physical (digital) data models that define relationships between data entities and how they will be stored, accessed, and managed. You’ll design database schemas, tables, indexes, and other structures that enable efficient data storage and retrieval.
Data Architects and DBAs have some overlap in their duties. If you work as either, you’ll likely design and implement data integration strategies that enable data to be shared and accessed by different users across the company’s different systems and applications. Additionally, you’ll be responsible for evaluating and determining the suitability of various technologies and tools for storing and managing data.
As a Data Architect or DBA, you’ll implement data security policies to make sure that data is not accessed by unauthorized users and ensure data quality by monitoring and validating the data. You’ll maintain the integrity of the data by verifying that the data is in the right place and correctly formatted, and ensure that it is only accessible by people who have permission to access it.
As a DBA, you’ll be responsible for managing and maintaining the organization’s database systems, including databases, data lakes, data warehouses, data lake houses, etc. You’ll develop backup and recovery strategies to make sure that data is protected in the event of a system failure or other disaster. You are also likely to implement data migration projects.
Overall, these roles usually require advanced technical skills and significant attention to detail. You’ll be responsible for ensuring that data is managed effectively, ethically, and in compliance with regulatory requirements.
Database Administrator; Data Architect; Big Data Architect; Cloud Data Architect; Data Management Engineer.
// 003 // Systems Engineering // 003 //
// 003 // Systems Engineering // 003 //
Systems Engineering
Design and deploy complex enterprise systems, aligning systems with business needs
- Analyze and understand complex enterprise systems.
- Create cohesive systems by designing and integrating components and subsystems.
- Use mathematical and statistical techniques to model and simulate system usage and optimize system performance.
- How can we optimize the system architecture to ensure maximum scalability while minimizing operational costs and maintenance overhead?
- What steps can we take to ensure that the system is available and resilient to failures, such as implementing redundancy and failover mechanisms?
- How can we leverage emerging technologies, such as AI & ML, to enhance system performance and functionality?
- How can we ensure that the system is user-friendly and intuitive, by applying principles of user experience design and usability testing?
- What testing strategies should we use to ensure that the system meets performance and quality standards, such as unit testing, integration testing, and load testing?
Enterprise systems refer to large-scale software applications or platforms that are used across an organization and often involve complex workflows and interactions between different departments and stakeholders.
As a Systems Analyst, you’ll analyze existing enterprise systems and identify areas for improvement. You’ll identify gaps between stakeholder requirements and system functionality, and propose solutions to improve system efficiency and effectiveness. As opposed to Systems Engineers, who actually build and implement the enterprise systems, Analysts tend to be more focused on business aspects of systems. Your role as a Systems Analyst may require some technical know-how, such as the ability to query databases using SQL to collect and analyze data about the performance of an enterprise system.
Once systems are designed and deployed, Systems Analysts and Engineers monitor and maintain them and continue to optimize their performance. In either role, you may be responsible for troubleshooting any issues in system performance.
If you have stronger technical skills and are interested in building complex systems from scratch, then becoming a Systems Engineer might be the better option. In this role, you’ll design and integrate different components and subsystems to create a unified system that meets an organization’s technical and business needs. You’ll also test the functionality of systems, manage technical risks, and optimize system performance to ensure security, reliability, and scalability.
Both roles require a deep understanding of enterprise systems and the ability to troubleshoot any issues that arise. In either role, you’ll be constantly learning and improving your skills to create cutting-edge information systems.
Systems Engineer; Systems Architect; Systems Analyst; Computer Systems Analyst; Information Systems Engineer.
// 004 // Software Engineering // 004 //
// 004 // Software Engineering // 004 //
Software Engineering
Design, develop, and maintain software products, platforms, and applications
- Create robust digital solutions by transforming concepts into functional code.
- Use your problem-solving mindset to find elegant solutions to complex technical challenges.
- Design software structures, integrate components, and ensure the scalability and reliability of systems.
- How can we optimize the performance of this code, while maintaining readability and modularity?
- How can we leverage containerization and orchestration tools to streamline deployment and improve scalability?
- How can we optimize the user experience and interface design to maximize engagement and minimize churn?
- How can we design a secure authentication and authorization process that integrates with our existing infrastructure?
- How can we design a scalable and fault-tolerant system that can handle unpredictable traffic spikes?
As a Software Engineer, you will be responsible for designing, developing, and maintaining the software that powers the products and services of companies. This can include software platforms, applications, systems, games, and web and mobile applications.
You’ll be challenged with solving complex problems that haven’t been solved before, and have the opportunity to create something entirely new. Being a Software Engineer means being a lifelong learner. There will always be new tools, technologies, and programming languages to learn, making this a dynamic field to work in. You’ll have the opportunity to learn and work with a variety of programming languages, frameworks, and technologies, including Python, JavaScript, React, Node.js, and many others — many of which do not exist yet.
Your role as a Software Engineer will involve working closely with various stakeholders to gather requirements and produce software that meets those requirements. Once software is written, you’ll be responsible for testing and debugging your work, ensuring that it meets high quality standards. After deployment, you’ll be responsible for maintaining the codebase and fixing any bugs that were not caught during the testing phase.
As a Software Engineer, you’ll be part of a team that collaborates closely to ensure that the software is built to meet the needs of users. You will work with other engineers, product managers, and designers to bring ideas to life and deliver high-quality software products.
Software Engineer; Software Developer; Fullstack Engineer; Programmer; Application Software Engineer.
// 005 // Security Engineering // 005 //
// 005 // Security Engineering // 005 //
Security Engineering
implement security measures to defend organizations from digital threats
- Safeguard organizations from ever-evolving threats.
- Analyze risks and implement robust security measures to protect networks, systems, and data.
- Use data analysis to uncover patterns in past and potential threats.
- How can we ensure that our systems meet compliance requirements for data privacy regulations like GDPR and CCPA?
- What is the best way to balance user experience with security, and how can we design secure systems that are also user-friendly?
- How can we monitor our systems for signs of a cyberattack, and what steps should we take if one is detected?
- What are the potential security risks of a new technology we’re implementing, and how can we mitigate these risks?
- What are the most recent threats and attack vectors being used by hackers, and how can we protect against them?
As a Cybersecurity Professional, you’ll be responsible for protecting your company’s networks, systems, and data from both internal and external threats. Security Engineers and Analysts both play an important role in ensuring the safety of an enterprise’s systems. While Analysts mainly focus on design and monitoring, Engineers deploy and maintain security processes and protocols.
As a Security Analyst, you’ll use data to uncover patterns in past threat instances, identify potential threats, and assess threat levels to an enterprise’s systems. You may create dashboards or other monitoring systems based on your analysis, and recommend threat mitigation measures to protect your organization.
As a Security Engineer, you can design, build, implement, and test security systems that protect an organization’s networks and data. You’ll be responsible for performing audits and risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities and risks, and then act to mitigate those potential harms. With the rise of AI & ML, you may even use predictive models to help automate threat detection and response. You will likely need to understand how to safeguard cloud architectures and Internet of Things (IoT) networks. And if a network or system is breached, you’ll need to respond immediately.
Security professionals must be continuous learners who can identify new threats as well as develop creative mitigation strategies — the threat landscape is ever-evolving.
Cybersecurity Analyst; Cybersecurity Engineer; Network Security Engineer; Information Security Analyst; Information Security Engineer.
// 006 // Development Operations // 006 //
// 006 // Development Operations // 006 //
Devops
Automate development workflows and optimize system performance
- Bridge the gap between development and operations to deliver software reliably and quickly.
- Optimize development workflows by automating and streamlining processes.
- Manage digital infrastructure and troubleshoot issues, identify bottlenecks, and implement solutions for system performance.
- How can we optimize our CI/CD pipeline to reduce build times and improve deployment frequency?
- How can we manage the configuration of our microservices architecture across multiple environments?
- How can we leverage containerization technologies like Docker and Kubernetes to streamline our deployment processes and improve scalability?
- How can we securely store and manage our infrastructure configuration files?
- How can we improve the reliability and resilience of our systems, especially in the event of failures or outages?
As a DevOps Engineer, you’ll be responsible for delivering software more reliably and efficiently. You’ll be involved in managing the entire software development process from code creation through deployment and into maintenance. You’ll automate and streamline the development process, making it faster, smoother, and more efficient.
With your expertise in continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, you’ll automate the process of testing and deploying code changes, ensuring that new features and updates are rolled out without a hitch. You’ll design and implement CI/CD pipelines using powerful tools like Jenkins, GitLab, or CircleCI.
You’ll also manage the infrastructure required to support software development and deployment, such as servers, databases, and networks. You’ll create and manage infrastructure using cutting-edge cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud, helping to ensure that your team has the resources they need to get the job done.
As a DevOps Engineer, you’ll be responsible for managing the configuration of software systems and services, and you’ll automate configuration management with tools like Puppet, Chef, or Ansible. You’ll also monitor the performance of software systems and services using tools like Nagios, Zabbix, or Prometheus, ensuring that your systems are performing at their best.
Finally, you’ll analyze data to optimize performance of software, constantly seeking out new ways to improve the speed, reliability, and efficiency of your systems. With your expertise, you’ll help your team deliver high-quality software that meets the needs of users and of the business.
DevOps Engineer; Cloud DevOps Engineer; Big Data DevOps Engineer; DevOps Architect; DevOps Platform Engineer.
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